Road Corridor Noise Reduction Procedure for Town Roads

Purpose

This procedure identifies the method of analysis of traffic noise impacts on Outdoor Living Areas (OLA’s) of the residential properties adjacent to Town roads and provides guidance as to potential abatement (reduction) measures. This procedure is not intended to supersede the requirements of Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) publications such as NPC-300. In the event of differences between the requirements of this procedure and the requirements identified in the MOECC noise documents, the requirements stated in the MOECC documents will prevail.

Scope

This procedure applies to noise in OLA’s generated by the traffic from Town owned roads. The procedure is partitioned into 3 sections as follows.

Noise Control Procedure for Existing OLA’s- Applies to rear yard OLA’s potentially affected by traffic noise originating from existing Town roads and potentially requiring retrofit noise reduction measures.
Noise Control Procedure for Capital Works Projects- Applies to rear yard OLA’s potentially affected by increased traffic noise due to Town capital works projects.
Traffic Noise Control Procedure for New Development- Applies to rear yard OLA’s potentially affected by increased traffic noise due to new development applications or are OLA’s within a new development application.

This procedure does not apply to noise attenuation (reduction) features required for the buildings such as air conditioning, double-glazed windows, brick veneer, etc. This procedure does not apply to noise generated from highways under the jurisdiction of the Province of Ontario, any private operator, the Region(s) or other noise sources such as rail and air traffic, or industrial and commercial operations.

Procedure

A. Noise Control Procedure for Existing OLA’s

This section of the procedure outlines the process and requirements to be met in order for a property to be considered by the Town for noise reduction under the Local Improvement provision of the Municipal Act. The Municipal Act, 2001 established Local Improvement Regulations which provide a mechanism for projects (such as noise walls) to be funded jointly by a municipality and the benefitting property owners (O. Reg. 586/06). Works administered under the Local Improvement Regulations can be initiated by municipal councils or begin with a request from the property owners. The Local Improvement works if undertaken would endeavour to reduce road corridor noise in OLA’s as much as technically, economically and administratively feasible.

The process and requirements are as follows:

1. Notifying Town of noise concern

In order for a Noise Abatement (reduction) Project to be considered under the Policy, property owners must first advise the Town of the noise concern associated with a Town road. A petition requesting the installation of a noise barrier signed by the property owner(s) as required under the Municipal Act must be submitted to the Clerk’s department. As required by the Municipal Act, at least two-thirds of the affected property owner(s) and fifty percent of the assessed value of those properties abutting the proposed work having signed the petition to qualify for the retrofit project. The Ontario Regulation 586/06 Local Improvement Charges-Priority Lien Status provides additional details with respect to petition requirements.

2. Initial inspection and location screening

Upon receipt of a petition, the Transportation and Engineering Department will screen the location of concern to determine if the location meets the requirements to conduct a noise assessment. Town staff will attend the area of concern and determine if any abnormal conditions are responsible for generating the noise complaint. This may include unexpectedly high truck volumes, the presence of pot holes, excessive vehicle speeds relative to the posted speed limit, temporary construction detours, deteriorating pavement or other transient conditions not normally associated with the Town roadway in the vicinity of the noise complaint area. Where appropriate, corrective measures to address the abnormal condition(s) would be undertaken by the Town. The area will also be checked visually to determine the feasibility of installing a noise barrier.

3. Noise study

If the initial screening determines that a noise impact study is required, the Town will obtain the services of a qualified noise consultant who will prepare a noise report for the area of concern. The noise report will as a minimum:

Use up-to-date road and traffic data.
Calculate sound levels for the subject area and shall include the sound levels for the existing and anticipated future (10 year) traffic conditions with and without a noise barrier installation.
Determine if the noise levels meet the criteria for the installation of a noise attenuation barrier.

If the subject area meets all of the requirements for noise reduction as a Local Improvement, the report will be expanded to include information outlined in Appendix A.

Upon study completion and Town approval of the completed report, a study package including a Summary Section shall be made available to all the affected homeowners. The Summary Section shall provide clear and concise information outlined in Appendix A.

4. Confirmation of retrofit request

Should the noise study recommend the installation of noise barriers, and after providing residents within the study area with the opportunity to review the study findings, the Town will issue a Notice of Intention to undertake the work as a local improvement in accordance with Ontario Regulation 586/06 (Local Improvement Charges – Priority Lien Status).

Property owners within the benefiting area will be given a minimum of 30 days from the date of the Notice of Intention to indicate their support for, or objection to, the proposed noise barrier retrofit project by means of a petition as prescribed under Sections 6 and 7 of the Regulation.

If a sufficient petition in favour of the proposed work is filed in accordance with Section 9 and 10 of the Regulation, the Town will consider the noise barrier retrofit project for inclusion in the Capital Budget planning process.

Should a sufficient petition against the proposed work be filed within the 30-day notice period, the Town shall not proceed with the project as a local improvement for a period of two years, as stipulated under Section 7(1) of the Regulation.

The by-law authorizing the work will identify the estimated cost and specify the residents’ and Town’s respective shares of the cost, consistent with the requirements of Section 5(3) of the Regulation.

5. Resident petition process

Before a noise barrier retrofit project can move forward, affected property owners have the right to express their support or objection. Once the Town issues a Notice of Intention for the proposed project, property owners within the study area will have 30 days to sign and submit a petition either in favour of or against the project.

Under O. Reg. 586/06, s. 9(2),

A petition in favour of undertaking a work as a local improvement shall be signed by at least two-thirds of the owners representing at least one-half of the value of the lots liable to be specially charged for the work.

Under s. 9(3),

A petition against undertaking a work as a local improvement shall be signed by at least a majority of the owners representing at least one-half of the value of the lots liable to be specially charged for the work.

A petition in favour shows that most affected property owners support the installation and are willing to share in the cost. If enough owners sign (a sufficient petition as defined in Ontario Regulation 586/06), the Town may proceed to include the project in its Capital Budget for consideration.

A petition against means that most owners do not wish to proceed. If a sufficient petition against is received within the 30-day period, the Town shall not undertake the project as a local improvement for two years.

6. Consideration in future capital budgets

Retrofit requests will be considered by council on a case-by-case basis for inclusion in the 10-year capital budget. The need for noise barriers in the retrofit locations will be considered along with all the other road needs at the time of preparing the capital budget and forecast. A retrofit project under this procedure will only proceed to construction following the approval of sufficient funds within the current year’s capital budget.

7. Noise barrier construction

Should a noise barrier retrofit project be included in the capital budget, the passing of a project specific Local Improvement Charges by-law as per Ontario Regulation 586/06 (Local Improvement Charges Priority Lien Statute) of the Municipal Act or its successor Regulation shall be enacted by the Town with respect to the property owner(s) portion of the project costs. Refer to Appendix A: Report Contents, for cost breakdown. In addition, a final design of the noise barrier(s) will be prepared. Upon acceptance of the design by the Director of Transportation and Engineering, the Town will undertake the tendering and construction of the noise barriers.

8. Noise barriers decorative features

Should decorative options be requested by property owners participating in the noise barrier project the following conditions will apply:

There must be agreement from all property owners participating in the retrofit project on the selected decorative feature(s);
The Director of Transportation and Engineering shall approve the selected decorative feature(s); and
The property owners participating in the retrofit project will be responsible for all premium costs associated with the decorative feature(s).

9. Additional noise reduction features

The provision of any additional noise reduction features required to buildings located on the property will be the sole responsibly of the land owner.

10. Noise barrier decommissioning

If an existing noise barrier reaches the end of its service life where minor repairs are no long practical and noise attenuation no longer appears to be required due to change in roadway use, a noise study by a qualified noise consultant shall be commissioned by the Town. If the noise study concludes that noise attenuation is no longer required based on the noise barrier retrofit criteria, the Town may at its sole discretion remove the barrier and may replace it with a chain link security fence or a fence of design and material deemed at its sole discretion to be appropriate. Notification to residents backing onto the noise barrier to occur in accordance with the Town’s Public Notice and Engagement Procedure.

B. Noise Control Procedure for Capital Works Projects

This section of the procedure outlines the applicable sound level and noise reduction criteria associated with road construction and roadway expansion projects undertaken by the town under the Environmental Assessment Act. The noise reduction criteria are based extensively on the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change/Ministry of Transportation Noise Protocol as provided in Appendix B.

C. Traffic Noise Control Procedure for New Development

This section of the procedure outlines the applicable sound level and noise reduction criteria for OLA’s that are part of a new development application or are existing OLA’s potentially affected by increased traffic noise due to new development applications. It excludes interior building noise level requirements. Noise studies unrelated to this procedure, pertaining to aircraft, rail and stationary noise sources may need to be undertaken to meet MOECC requirements or as deemed necessary by the Director of Transportation and Engineering.

The process and requirements for traffic noise control for new developments are outlined in Appendix C.

Definitions

A-weighted decibel (dBA): the A-weighted sound pressure level in decibels. A nationally and internationally standardized frequency weighting applied to the sound level spectrum to approximate the sensitivity of the human hearing mechanism as a function of frequency (pitch), measured in decibels (dBA). The specific variation of sensitivity with frequency is to conform to BS EN 61672-1 (2013) and BS EN 61672-2 (2013).

Ambient/(Background) sound level: means the sound level that is present in the environment, produced by noise sources other than the source under impact assessment. Highly intrusive short duration noise caused by a source such as an aircraft fly-over or a train pass-by is excluded from the determination of the background sound level. In the context of this document, the ambient or existing noise level is the noise level which exists at a receptor as a result of existing traffic conditions, without the addition of noise generated by the proposed undertaking which would be considered a new source of noise.

First row receiver: are those receivers (or receptors) adjacent to a Town roadway having sound level differences that are imperceptible and as such are within 3 dBA of the noisiest receiver sound level.

Logarithmic Energy Equivalent Continuous Sound Pressure Level - (Leq): the constant A-weighted sound pressure level over the time period in question that results in the same total sound energy as the observed sound, measured in decibels (dBA).

Leq (T), Leq (8), Leq (16): means the A-weighted level of a steady sound carrying the same total energy in the time period T as the observed fluctuating sound. The time period T is given in hours. The Leq (8) is the night-time constant A-weighted sound level measured or calculated for the 8 hour time period 23:00 to 07:00, measured in decibels (dBA). The Leq (16) is the daytime constant A-weighted sound level as measured or calculated for the 16 hour time period 07:00 to 23:00, measured in decibels (dBA).

Noise: means unwanted sound.

Noise attenuation (control) measure: means a physical measure which can be used to achieve compatibility for the specific land use or activity with respect to noise from transportation sources and/or stationary sources. Noise control measures may include, but are not limited to, the following:

Source based noise control measures
- noise control measures applied directly to the noise source, or within the property of the noise source, for example, a silencer, muffler, acoustical louvre, acoustic barrier, acoustical absorption etc.
Receptor based outdoor noise control measures
- noise control measures implemented on the property of the receptor but not directly on a building, for example, ground (or berm) mounted acoustic barriers suitable for transportation noise sources or for stationary sources.
Receptor based site configuration noise control measures
- orientation of buildings and outdoor living areas with respect to noise sources and spatial separation, for example, the insertion of noise insensitive land uses between source and receptor, appropriate setback distances, the use of intervening service roads.

Noise barrier: means a wall, berm, wall/berm combination or similar structure, used as a noise control measure, and high enough to break the line-of-sight between the source and the receptor.

The minimum surface density (face weight) is 20 kg/m2. Subject to technical justification, the surface density can be reduced to no lower than 10 kg/m2 for:

Rooftop barriers; and
Temporary barriers for noise sources operating for a short duration, such as portable equipment.

The barrier should be structurally sound, appropriately designed to withstand wind and snow load, and constructed without cracks or surface gaps. Any gaps under the barrier that are necessary for drainage purposes should be minimized and localized, so that acoustical performance of the barrier is maintained.

Alternatively to the above description and specification, noise barriers complying with the requirements and certification of CAN/CSA-Z107.9-00 (R2004) – Standard for Certification of Noise Barriers (Reaffirmed 2004), by the Canadian Standards Association, are acceptable.

The term noise barrier is used interchangeably with the term acoustic barrier or simply a barrier.

Noise consultant: is a Professional Engineer (P.Eng.), licensed by the Professional Engineers of Ontario to practice in the Province of Ontario, and with demonstrated experience in the field of acoustics and noise control.

Noise sensitive commercial purpose building: means a building used for a commercial purpose that includes one or more habitable rooms used as sleeping facilities such as a hotel and a motel.

Noise sensitive institutional purpose building: means a building used for an institutional purpose, including an educational facility, a day nursery, a hospital, a health care facility, a shelter for emergency housing, a community centre, a place of worship and a detention centre. A place of worship located in commercially or industrially zoned lands is not considered a noise sensitive institutional purpose building.

Noise sensitive land use: means

a property of a person that accommodates a dwelling and includes a legal non-conforming residential use; or
a property of a person that accommodates a building used for a noise sensitive commercial purpose; or
a property of a person that accommodates a building used for a noise sensitive institutional purpose.

From a land use planning perspective, a noise sensitive land use may be comprised of spaces that are noise sensitive and spaces that are not noise sensitive. The OLA associated with a noise sensitive land use is considered a noise sensitive space.

A land use that would normally be considered noise sensitive, such as a dwelling, but is located within the property boundaries of the stationary source is not considered a noise sensitive land use.

Outdoor Living Area (OLA): (applies to impact assessments of transportation sources) means that part of a noise sensitive land use that is:

intended and designed for the quiet enjoyment of the outdoor environment; and
readily accessible from the building.

The OLA includes:

backyards, front yards, gardens, terraces or patios;
balconies and elevated terraces (e.g., rooftops), with a minimum depth of 4 metres, that are not enclosed, provided they are the only outdoor living areas (OLA) for the occupant; or
common outdoor living areas (OLA’s) associated with high-rise multi-unit buildings.

The following considerations apply to OLA’s:

For the purposes of noise impact assessment in an OLA at grade, the point of assessment is typically:
1. 3 metres from the building facade;
2. 1.5 metres above grade or floor level; and
3. Aligned with the midpoint of the subject facade.
For elevated OLA’s or those at grade that are less than 6 metres in depth, the point of assessment is in the middle of the OLA at 1.5 metres above grade or floor level.
For the purposes of the noise impact assessment in an OLA at grade, the minimum areas that require protection/consideration are 56 m2 for single family dwellings, 46 m2 for semi-detached dwellings and 37 m2 per unit for row housing (dwellings). If the total area of the OLA is smaller than the areas noted above, then the entire OLA, excluding the footprint of the dwelling needs to be protected.
The noise impact assessment at an OLA excludes the effect of sound reflection from the facade. In general, the point of assessment in the OLA is a point used for prediction (including extrapolation), rather than measurement, of sound levels.

Priority sites list: a list of potential noise barrier construction locations based on a Noise Barrier Retrofit Needs and Cost Assessment Study completed on behalf of the Town by a noise consultant and updated from time to time. The Noise Study and resulting Priority Sites List of potential noise barrier construction locations are based on projected future (10 year) traffic volumes.

Roadway: a common and public roadway, street, avenue, parkway, driveway, square, place, bridge, viaduct or trestle, or any part of which is intended for or used by the general public for the passage of vehicles and includes the area between the lateral property lines thereof.

Warning clause: means a notification of or obligation to notify a potential purchaser or tenant of a potential annoyance due to an existing source of environmental noise. When circumstances warrant, agreements that are registered on title to the lands in question should incorporate provisions for using warning clauses. Warning clauses would be included in agreements of Offers of Purchase and Sale, lease/rental agreements and condominium declarations. Alternatively, easements in respect of noise may also be appropriate in some circumstances.

Warning clause Type A: “Purchasers/tenants are advised that sound levels due to increasing road traffic may occasionally interfere with some activities of the dwelling occupants as the sound levels exceed the sound level limits of the Municipality and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change.”

Warning clause Type B: “Purchasers/tenants are advised that despite the inclusion of noise control features in the development and within the building units, sound levels due to increasing road traffic may on occasions interfere with some activities of the dwelling occupants as the sound levels exceed the sound level limits of the Municipality and the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change.”

Responsibilities

The Director of Transportation and Engineering or designate, shall be responsible for ensuring that Sections A and B of this procedure are incorporated into the review of road noise related complaints and the roadway design process and ensuring that Section C of this procedure is incorporated into the review and approval process for development applications.

References

Municipal Roads Policy
Appendix I Site Eligibility and Noise Calculation Method
Appendix II Noise Barrier Technical Requirements and Standard Wooden Noise Barrier
Appendix A: Report Contents
Appendix B: Noise Control Procedures for Capital Works Projects
Appendix C: Process and requirements for traffic noise control for new developments
Livable Oakville Official Plan
Region of Halton Noise Abatement Policy for Regional Roads (Retrofit Locations)
Roadway Noise Assessment Criteria and Procedures, Ministry of Environment/Ministry of Transportation Protocol (February 1986.)
MOECC Environmental Noise Guideline Stationary and Transportation Sources- Approval and Planning, Publication NPC-300 (August 2013)
Ontario Reg. 586/06 Local Improvement Charges-Priority Lien Status as amended.
Public Notice and Engagement Procedure

Appendix A: Report contents

If the subject area meets all of the requirements for noise reduction as a Local Improvement, the report will be expanded to include information outlined in the following:

A review of all feasible outdoor noise reduction alternatives that when implemented would be in conformance with the MOECC noise criteria. Where possible, alternative noise control measures shall be considered prior to recommending the installation of noise barriers.
Ground elevations at the road, the points of reception and the base of a potential noise barrier.
The extent of the proposed noise barriers and location alternatives.
Any issues relating to any interference, obstructions such as utilities, trees, daylight triangles, drainage, etc.
Drawings made with an appropriate scale showing the residential points of reception, the road section, the possible locations of the noise barrier etc.
The resulting sound levels with various barrier height alternatives.
The most effective outdoor noise reduction alternative for the study site.
A cost estimate for the barrier work.

Upon study completion and town approval of the completed report, a study package including a Summary Section shall be made available to all the affected homeowners. The Summary Section shall provide clear and concise information on the following:

Barrier details (extent, height, location, material, etc.) if barriers are recommended for installation. See Appendix II for Noise Barrier Technical Requirements.
The acoustic benefit to be derived including summary of the established sound levels before and after the barrier construction.
Estimated cost of construction.
Other complications, implications, site difficulties, etc.
The final recommendations, including the property owners’ and town’s cost to construct the recommended noise barrier works based on a 25 percent cost recovery from the benefiting property owners of the final detailed engineering cost estimate including engineering study and design costs.

Appendix B: Noise Control Procedure for Capital Works Projects

This section of the procedure outlines the applicable sound level and noise reduction criteria associated with road construction and roadway expansion projects undertaken by the town under the Environmental Assessment Act. The noise reduction criteria are based extensively on the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change/Ministry of Transportation Noise Protocol as provided below.
This procedure applies only to rear yard Outdoor Living Areas (OLA’s) within noise sensitive land use areas that are located adjacent to town capital works roadway projects.
The calculation method used to determine noise levels will be in accordance with the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) Guidelines, i.e. Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Environment and Transportation (ORNAMENT) Technical Document and the Ministry of Environment ”STAMSON” Computer Program for Road and Rail Traffic Noise Assessment. Traffic projections used in the Noise Assessment model shall be in accordance with Environmental Assessment study requirements. At the discretion of the town, actual site noise measurements may be undertaken by the town to verify model results and findings.
The applicable sound level descriptor shall be the A-weighted Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq in dBA) established for the daytime period from 07:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., also referred to as Leq(daytime) dBA noise level.
The objective outdoor sound level is the higher of Leq (daytime) 55 dBA or the Leq (daytime) future ambient sound level.
The significance of a noise impact shall be quantified by comparing the future sound levels with the higher of either the Leq Daytime 55 dBA or the future ambient sound level.
In instances where the future sound levels are expected to exceed Leq (daytime) 55 dBA and the increase in sound levels above the future established ambient level exceeds 5 dBA, the town will investigate the feasibility of noise control measures within the road allowance and implement appropriate measures such that where feasible, a minimum attenuation averaged over the first row of receivers of 5 dBA can be achieved.
If the future sound level is greater than Leq daytime 55 dBA and less than or equal to Leq (daytime) 60 dBA and the change in sound level above the future established ambient level is less than 5 dBA, no mitigation shall be required.
If the future sound level is greater than Leq (daytime) 55 dBA and less than or equal to Leq (daytime) 60 dBA and the change in sound level above the future ‘do nothing’ ambient level is greater than 5 dBA, the town will investigate the feasibility of noise control measures within the road allowance and where possible implement mitigation measures that attempt to achieve sound levels as close to the objective level as is technically, economically and administratively feasible.
If the future sound level is greater than Leq (daytime) 60 dBA and the change in sound level above the future established ambient level is less than 5 dBA, noise control measures as per Section A-Noise Control Procedure for Existing OLA’s could be applicable. (Section A of this procedure.)
Alternative noise control measures shall be considered prior to recommending the installation of noise barriers.
Should noise barrier decorative options be requested by the owners of lands adjacent to the noise barrier portion of the project, the following conditions will apply:
1. There must be agreement from all affected property owners on the selected decorative feature(s);
2. The Director of Transportation and Engineering shall approve the selected decorative feature(s); and
3. The property owners adjacent to the proposed noise barrier will be responsible for all premium costs associated with the noise barrier decorative feature(s).
The final design of the noise barrier shall be to the satisfaction of the Director of Transportation and Engineering

Appendix C: Process and requirements for traffic noise control for new developments

The process and requirements for traffic noise control for new developments are as follows.

This procedure applies to OLA’s within noise sensitive land use areas associated with a proposed development and to existing OLA’s that are potentially impacted by a proposed development.
Unless an exception is granted as determined during the pre-consultation process and confirmed in writing by the town, a noise study shall be required to be submitted as part of any application for Official Plan amendment, Zoning By-law amendment, subdivision approval, site plan approval and condominium approval.
The calculation method used to determine noise levels will be in accordance with the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) Guidelines, i.e. Ontario Road Noise Analysis Method for Environment and Transportation (ORNAMENT) Technical Document and the MOECC ”STAMSON” Computer Program for Road and Rail Traffic Noise Assessment. Traffic volumes used in the model shall be as per the typical maximum traffic volumes listed in Section C (General Policies) of the Livable Oakville Official Plan or in the case of revisions its successor Town of Oakville Official Plan document.
As per the MOECC guidelines, the applicable sound level descriptor shall be the A-weighted 16-Hour Equivalent Sound Level (Leq in dBA) established for the daytime period from 07:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m., also referred to as Leq (daytime) dBA noise level.
If the 16-Hour Equivalent Sound Level Leq(16) in the OLA is greater than 55 dBA and less than or equal to 60 dBA, noise control measures may be applied to reduce the sound level to 55 dBA. If measures are not provided, prospective purchasers or tenants should be informed of potential noise problems by a warning clause Type A.
If the 16-Hour Equivalent Sound Level, Leq(16) in the OLA is greater than 60 dBA, noise control measures should be implemented to reduce the level to 55 dBA. Only in cases where the required noise control measures are not feasible for technical, economic or administrative reasons would an excess above the limit (55 dBA) be acceptable with a warning clause Type B. In the above situations, any excess above the limit (55 dBA) will not be acceptable if it exceeds 5 dBA.
Alternative noise control measures shall be considered prior to recommending the installation of noise barriers. Focus should be directed toward implementing more aesthetically pleasing treatments to mitigate road noise without creating barriers between the residential lots and the streets. Streetscaping and landscaping including the use of berms, service roads, or buffers should be encouraged when residential land uses must be located adjacent to major roadways.
The noise study shall be undertaken by a noise consultant to the satisfaction of the town. At the discretion of the town, noise studies submitted in support of a development application may be subject to a peer review at the developer’s cost.
A letter from a noise consultant shall be provided to the town providing confirmation that the OLA related recommendations contained in the noise study have been appropriately addressed in the final design and construction of the proposed development.
The cost of all noise mitigation measures required as a result of development shall be borne by the Developer. Noise barriers constructed for non-condominium related applications shall be constructed as per Appendix II. For condominium related applications, the noise barrier shall be constructed on the condominium property and the cost of maintenance of the noise barrier shall be the responsibility of the private property owner (Condominium Corporation).